Windows Console Snake Game Using Cpp

hii readers,

Today, In this post I am going to share with you few piece of code to make a terminal snake game for Windows Console.

Introduction

Basically Snake Game is One Of the Most Easiest, Interesting, Popular Game To Play. In This Game, A Snake Continuously Move From One Point To Another In a Specific Rectangle Like Area Where A Player Can Control The Movement Of Snake With Keyboard So, That Snake Can't hit The Boundary Wall. To Make Scores In This Game, Snake has To Eat Food That Automatically Appears at Random Place Of Boundary!. Very Easy And Interesting.

Before Explanation, Let's Quickly Take A Look At Terminal Snake Game and Yes, I tried my best to make these codes easy to understand and I also used comments to make the concept more clear.

Example Codes.

#include <iostream>   // Standard Header
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <conio.h> 
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>

using namespace std;


/*
__author__ = suraj singh bisht
__email__  = surajsinghbisht054@gmail.com
__Github__ = https://github.com/surajsinghbisht054

*/
///++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
///                       Testing Configuration
///++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
///
/// Operating System:    Windows 7 Ultimate 32-Bit 
/// Editor          :    Dev C++ 5.11
/// Compiler        :    TDM-GCC 4.9.2 32-Bit Release
/// Blog            :    www.bitforestinfo.com
///
///++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++



/// ++++++++++++++++++++ [ Configuration Panel] +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++{

/// Global Dimension
const int width = 50;                      // Boundary Width
const int height= 25;                      // Boundary Height
const char block='#';                      // Block Char
const char* clearcommand = "clr";          // Teminal Command (Linux: clear | Windows : clr )


/// global arrays for Data Records
int background[height][width];   /// Background Array
int snake[50][2];                /// Maximum Snake Length
int food[2]={0,0};               /// Snake Food Array
int score = 0;                   /// Score
int snakelen = 3;                /// Snake Starting Length
int snakemovementspeedx = 1;     /// Horizontal Speed
int snakemovementspeedy = 1;     /// Vertical Speed
int lap=400;                      /// Waiting Time Betweeen Frames

/// ++++++++++++++++++++ [ Configuration Panel] END +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++}




/// Declearing Global Temporary Variable To Save Memory
int bytesWaiting, i;
int px,py,nx, ny;
char k;
int h,w;
int x,y;
int movementx=snakemovementspeedx;       /// Snake Movement
int movementy=0;                        /// Snake Movement



/// Initialise background borders Onto Array
void initialise_background(void){
    //int i;

    // insert top border
    for(i=0; i<width; i++){
        background[0][i]=1;

    }

    // insert left border
    for(i=0; i<height; i++){
        background[i][0]=1;

    }


    // insert right border
    for(i=0; i<height; i++){
        background[i][width-1]=1;

    }


    // insert bottom border
    for(i=0; i<width; i++){
        background[height-1][i]=1;

    }

}



/// Initialise Snake Coordinates
void initialise_snake(void){

    snake[0][0]=3; /// Coordinates x
    snake[0][1]=3; /// Coordinates y

    snake[1][0]=3+1; /// Coordinates x
    snake[1][1]=3; /// Coordinates y

    snake[2][0]=3+2; /// Coordinates x
    snake[2][1]=3; /// Coordinates y


    snake[3][0]=3+3; /// Coordinates x
    snake[3][1]=3; /// Coordinates y


    snake[4][0]=3+4; /// Coordinates x
    snake[4][1]=3; /// Coordinates y

}



/// Update Snake
void update_snake_coordination(void){
    //int px,py,nx, ny;
    px = snake[0][0];
    py = snake[0][1];
    snake[0][0] = px + movementx;
    snake[0][1] = py + movementy;
    nx =snake[0][0];
    ny =snake[0][1];

    for(i=1; i<snakelen; i++){
        nx = snake[i][0];
        ny = snake[i][1];
        snake[i][0]=px;
        snake[i][1]=py;
        px = nx;
        py = ny;



    }
}



/// Install Snake Coordinates Into Background Array rev = ( 1 To Draw And 0 To Erase)
void draw_snake_in_background(const int rev){
    //int x,y;

    for(i=0; i<snakelen; i++){
        x = snake[i][0];
        y = snake[i][1];
        if((x!=0)&&(y!=0)){
        background[y][x]=rev;
        }

    }

}


/// Print Array Frame
void print_array_frame(void){

    for(h=0; h<height; h++){

        for(w=0; w<width; w++){
            i=background[h][w];

            if(i==1){
            cout << block;
            }else if (i==2){
            cout << "+";
            }else{
            cout << " ";
            }

        }
        cout << endl;


    }


}


/// Clear Background
void clear_background(void){
    system(clearcommand);
}


/// Update loop
void mainloop(void){

    clear_background();          // clear background
    draw_snake_in_background(1); // Install Snake
    print_array_frame();         // Print Frame
    draw_snake_in_background(0); // Uninstall Snake

}



/// Waiting Function
void sleepcp(int milliseconds) // Cross-platform sleep function
{
    clock_t time_end;
    time_end = clock() + milliseconds * CLOCKS_PER_SEC/1000;
    while (clock() < time_end)
    {
    }
}


/// Reaction On Press Button Of Keyboard
void reaction_on_keyboard(const char k){
    if(k=='d'||k=='6'){
        // Right Turn
        movementx = snakemovementspeedx;
        movementy = 0;


    }else if(k=='a'||k=='4'){
        // Left Turn
        movementx = -snakemovementspeedx;
        movementy = 0;

    }else if(k=='w'||k=='8'){

        // Turn UP
        movementx = 0;
        movementy = -snakemovementspeedy;

    }else if(k=='s'||k=='2'){
        // Turn Down
        movementx = 0;
        movementy = snakemovementspeedy;


    }else if(k=='q'||k=='z'||k=='c'){
        cout << "[+] Exit Safely [+]"<<endl;
        exit(0);
    }

}


/// Create Snake Food
void cook_food(void){

    if (food[0]==0){
        x = rand() % width + 1;
        y = rand() % height + 1;
        food[0] = x;
        food[1] = y;
        background[y][x]=2;
    }


}


/// Check Snake & Food Status
void capture_food(void){

        x=food[0];
        y=food[1];

        if ((x==snake[0][0])&&(y==snake[0][1])){
            background[y][x]=0;
            food[0]=0;
            score++;
            snakelen++;
            cook_food();

        }



}

/// Check Snake is Not Touching Boundary
void check_over_lapping(void){
    //int px,py;
    px = snake[0][0];
    py = snake[0][1];

    if((px==0)||(px==(width-1))||(py==0)||(py==(height-1))){

    cout << "[+]        Game Over           [+]" << endl;
    exit(0);

    }

}



/// Loop
void loop(void){
    int frame=0;
    x=0;
    y=0;

    while(x<500){
        sleepcp(lap);

        if(kbhit())   /// If keyboard hit
        {
        k=getch();
        reaction_on_keyboard(k);
        }

        mainloop();                 /// RUn Main Loop FUnction
        update_snake_coordination();/// Update Snake COordination
        check_over_lapping();       /// Check Snake status
        cook_food();                /// Make Sure Food is available
        capture_food();             /// Snake Eaten Food Or Not
        cout << "< Frame : " << frame << "  | Score  : " << score << " > "<< endl; /// Print Status
        frame++;
    }

}


/// Main Trigger Function
main(){

    initialise_background(); /// Install All Variables
    initialise_snake();      /// Install Snake data
    loop();                 /// run Update Loop
}

How it's Going To Work?

Some Important Points To Understand To Above Codes.

I, Used Integer Array To Manage And Print Background, Snake, And Food. In Array, Value 0 Represent Empty Space, Value 1 Represent Snake Or Boundary Block, Value 2 Represent Snake Food.

To Make Movement In Terminal, I Used Frame By Frame Concept. Basically, After Printing One Frame, Call System Function And Pass Clear Command To Make Terminal Clear. And Then Print Another Frame.

I Used Global Array To Make Snake Game More lightweight and Fast. Actually, Declaring New Variables Every time is simply waste Of memory.

Using Some Trick Function To make These Codes More Interesting.

I hope you enjoyed it.
please leave comments below about your views,
Or You can also share your
improved Codes Here.

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